Leverett House – Pre-Law Student Handbook
Page 12 of 37
Many lawyers will spend several years at a law firm in order to gain experience in drafting legal
documents, advising clients, and developing a specialty within a particular practice of law. Once
they have gained this practical experience, a number of lawyers will leave their law firm in order
to join the legal department of a private or public company. This is what is frequently described
as going “in-house” at a company. Lawyers that work within a company tend to work for the
general counsel of the company and are responsible for a broad range of legal matters, including
employment, financial reporting, intellectual property, and any lawsuits brought against the
company. In contrast with working at a firm, lawyers tend to be less specialized in-house since
there are significantly fewer lawyers at a typical company than at a law firm and these lawyers
are responsible for managing a wide range of legal issues that the company faces. Lawyers who
go in-house often are willing to trade in the opportunity to specialize for the opportunity to have
a single client, the company, and to have more reasonable work hours.
b) Public Sector Jobs
When many students envision the job of a lawyer, they envision a person standing up in court for
an individual in need. Only a small segment of the legal profession actually engages in this type
of representation. Many of the jobs that are portrayed in books and films are public sector jobs,
and actually a very particular type of public sector job.
Four main types of public interest jobs include: nonprofit organizations, legal services offices,
government, and private public interest firms. Depending on the nature of the job, public interest
lawyers use a variety of methods (or combination of methods) to effect change including:
individual client representation, impact litigation, policy reform, regulatory enforcement,
lobbying, and community organizing and education.
Nonprofit Legal Organizations. Nonprofit legal organizations usually specialize in advocating
for a particular client population or advocating around a particular issue. Some nonprofits are
“client-oriented,” meaning the organization focuses on representing individual clients (e.g., the
Disability Law Center, Centro Presente, and the DC Employment Justice Center). “Client-
oriented” nonprofits vary greatly. However, as a summer or year-long intern you can reasonably
expect exposure to clients, working directly with individual clients or on individual cases. If
having client contact is important to you, clarify with your employer whether or not you will
actually have that opportunity.
Other nonprofit organizations are “policy-oriented,” meaning the organization uses broad
strategies to effect change such as impact litigation and class actions (e.g., The American Civil
Liberties Union, The Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the NAACP Legal
Defense and Educational Fund, the National Consumer Law Center, the Mexican American
Legal Defense and Educational Fund). As an intern with such an organization, you are less likely
to have client contact but you will gain exposure to broader lawyering strategies to effect change.
If the nonprofit has cases pending in court, you may get to observe legal hearings.
Legal Services Offices. Legal services organizations (also known as legal aid societies) provide
free or reduced-fee civil legal representation to low-income clients. Legal services offices
typically have the following units/divisions: family, domestic violence, housing, health,